“I am alarmed by the growing use of antisemitic tropes by white supremacists, including neo-Nazis and members of radical Islamist groups, in slogans, images, stereotypes and conspiracy theories to incite and justify hostility, discrimination and violence against Jews. I am also concerned about the increasing expressions of antisemitism emanating from sources in the political left and about discriminatory State practices towards Jews.”

GENEVA—Antisemitism is toxic to democracy and poses a threat to all societies if left unaddressed, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, Ahmed Shaheed, warned.

“There is not a more graphic example than the Holocaust of how religious and racial hatred can lead to genocide and the destruction of societies,” he said in a report to the UN General Assembly last week.

“I am alarmed by the growing use of antisemitic tropes by white supremacists, including neo-Nazis and members of radical Islamist groups, in slogans, images, stereotypes and conspiracy theories to incite and justify hostility, discrimination and violence against Jews. I am also concerned about the increasing expressions of antisemitism emanating from sources in the political left and about discriminatory State practices towards Jews.”

Shaheed expressed serious concerns about the increased frequency of antisemitic incidents, and the prevalence of antisemitic hate speech online.

“Violence, discrimination and expressions of hostility motivated by antisemitism is a serious obstacle to the enjoyment of the right to freedom of religion or belief,” he said.

“Attacks on synagogues, desecration of cemeteries, or restrictions on the wearing of religious symbols and the practice of religious rites constitute violations of the right to freedom of religion or belief of Jews,’’ he added.

“Antisemitism presents serious challenges to the elimination of all forms of intolerance, hatred and discrimination based on religion or belief. Such hatred poses risks to Jews and to members of minorities everywhere.’’

He said that there is a serious need for investments in education and training at all levels in identifying various manifestations of antisemitism and of other hatred.

Shaheed urged States, civil society, media and the UN to take action in addressing antisemitism within a wider human rights framework. “Citizens of all societies must be empowered with critical thinking, empathy and human rights literacy to be resilient to extremist ideologies, including antisemitic propaganda,” he said.

“States have a duty to take all appropriate measures and to prohibit by law incitement to discrimination, hostility, or violence based on religion or belief, including against Jews.”

Shahed, a former Foreign Minister of the Maldives who was appointed as Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief by the UN Human Rights Council in 2016, also recommends the use of the Working Definition adopted by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) as a non-legal educational tool while cautioning that the use of the definition by public bodies for any regulatory purpose would require due diligence to ensure that freedom of expression is protected for all in conformity with international human rights standards.

“Civil society actors can also play a vital role in combating antisemitism by establishing inter-faith networks aimed at advancing social cohesion,” he  said. “Let us collectively reject antisemitism and other forms of hatred and create an inclusive societies that uphold human rights and security for all.”